QuickView for Norfloxacin (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 10018765

Name:	Norfloxacin
PubChem Compound ID:	10018765
Description:	A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.
Molecular formula:	C₁₆H₁₈FN₃O₃
Molecular weight:	318.333 g/mol

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Norfloxacin
Name (isomeric):	DB01059
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.
Brand:	Noroxin, Chibroxin
Category:	Anti-Bacterial Agents, Quinolones, Enzyme Inhibitors, Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors, Anti-Infectives
CAS number:	70458-96-7

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the treatment of urinary tract infection
Pharmacology:	Norfloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA... show more » Norfloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	The bactericidal action of Norfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterias. The fluorine a... show more » The bactericidal action of Norfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterias. The fluorine atom at the 6 position increases potency against gram-negative organisms, and the piperazine moiety at the 7 position is responsible for anti-pseudomonal activity show less «
Absorption:	Rapid
Protein binding:	10 and 15% (Serum protein binding)
Biotransformation:	Via liver and kidney
Route of elimination:	Norfloxacin is eliminated through metabolism, biliary excretion, and renal excretion. Renal excretion occurs by both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion as evidenced by the high rate of renal clearance (approximately 275 mL/min).
Half Life:	3-4 hours
Affected organisms:	Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid high doses of caffeine.

Take on an empty stomach. Drink liberally.

Drug interaction:

Aminophylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.
Tamsulosin	Norfloxacin, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Norfloxacin is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Dyphylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of dyphylline.
Cyclosporine	Norfloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine.
Iron	Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Aminophylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.
Tamsulosin	Norfloxacin, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Norfloxacin is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Dyphylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of dyphylline.
Cyclosporine	Norfloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine.
Iron	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Calcium	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium oxide	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Zinc	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Sucralfate	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Oxtriphylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of oxtriphylline.
Caffeine	Norfloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of caffeine.
Acenocoumarol	The quinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Trazodone	The CYP3A4 inhibitor, Norfloxacin, may increase Trazodone efficacy/toxicity by decreasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Norfloxacin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Lumefantrine	Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Magnesium	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Zuclopenthixol	Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Anisindione	The quinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Foscarnet	Increased risk of convulsions
Clozapine	Ciprofloxacin may increase clozapine serum levels
Warfarin	The quinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Aluminium	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Vorinostat	Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Tramadol	Norfloxacin may increase Tramadol toxicity by decreasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
Calcium Acetate	Calcium salts such as calcium acetate may decrease the absorption of quinolone antibiotics such as norfloxacin. Of concern only with oral administration of both agents. Interactions can be minimized by administering oral quinolone at least 2 hours before, or 6 hours after, the dose of an oral calcium supplement. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of oral quinolones if administered with oral calcium supplements.
Tolterodine	Norfloxacin may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
Dicumarol	The quinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Ziprasidone	Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Tizanidine	Norfloxacin may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tizanidine. Consider alternate therapy or use caution during co-administration.
Artemether	Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Tacrolimus	Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Toremifene	Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Iron Dextran	Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Trimipramine	Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Thiothixene	May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Norfloxacin, may also decrease the metabolism and clearance of Thiothixene, a CYP1A2 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Tacrine	The metabolism of Tacrine, a CYP1A2 substrate, may be reduced by strong CYP1A2 inhibitors such as Norfloxacin. Consider modifying therapy to avoid Tacrine toxicity. Monitor the efficacy and toxicity of Tacrine if Norfloxacin is initiated, discontinued or if the dose is changed.
Theophylline	Norfloxacin may increase the effect of theophylline.
Voriconazole	Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).

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Targets

DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A

DNA gyrase subunit A

DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha

Enzymes

Transporters

Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2

Solute carrier family 22 member 6