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QuickView for citalopram (compound)


PubChem
Name: Citalopram
PubChem Compound ID: 10832572
Description: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.
Molecular formula: C17H18BrNO3
Molecular weight: 364.234 g/mol
DrugBank
Identification
Name: Citalopram
Name (isomeric): DB00215
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.
Synonyms:
Citalopramum [INN-Latin]; Citalopram Hydrobromide
Brand: Celius, Talam, Zentius, Talohexal, Citabax, Celexa, Dalsan, Citol, Zetalo, Humorup, Citalec, Cipram, Cilift, Cimal, Citrol, Seropram, Ciprapine, Citox, Elopram, Oropram, Nitalapram, Recital, Celapram, Cipramil, Akarin, Ciazil, Citopam, Pramcit, Vodelax, Temperax
Category: Antidepressants, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
CAS number: 59729-33-8
Pharmacology
Indication: For the treatment of depression. Unlabeled indications include: treatment of mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, smoking cessation, ethanol abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and diabetic neuropathy.
Pharmacology:
Citalopram is one of a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is used to treat the depression associated with mood disorders. It is also used on occassion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety. The antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic actions of citalopram are pr...
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Mechanism of Action:
The antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic actions of citalopram are presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin. Citalopram blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors. SSRIs bind wit...
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Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 4 hours of a single orally administered dose. Bioavailability is 80% following oral administration. Food does not affect absorption.
Protein binding: 80% based on in vitro studies.
Biotransformation: Citalopram is metabolized mainly in the liver via N-demethylation to its principle metabolite, demethylcitalopram. Other metabolites include didemethylcitalopram, citalopram N-oxide, and a deaminated propionic acid derivative. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 2C19 isozymes appear to be principally involved in producing demethylcitalopram. Demethylcitalopram appears to be further N-demethylated by CYP2D6 to didemethylcitalopram. Citalopram metabolites possess little pharmacologic activity in comparison to their parent compound and do not likely contribute to the clinical effect of the drug.
Route of elimination: The systemic clearance of citalopram was 330 mL/min, with approximately 20% of that due to renal clearance. Citalopram is metabolized to demethylcitalopram (DCT), didemethylcitalopram (DDCT), citalopram-N-oxide, and a deaminated propionic acid derivative.
Half Life: 35 hours
Toxicity: Symptoms most often accompanying citalopram overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol, included dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, tremor, somnolence, and sinus tachycardia. In more rare cases, observed symptoms included amnesia, confusion, coma, convulsions, hyperventilation, cyanosis, rhabdomyolysis, and ECG changes (including QTc prolongation, nodal rhythm, ventricular arrhythmia, and very rare cases of torsade de pointes). Acute renal failure has been very rarely reported accompanying overdose. Withdrawal symptoms include flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory changes and hyperactivity.
Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Food interaction:
Avoid St.John's Wort.
Avoid alcohol.
Take without regard to meals.
Drug interaction:
PropranololThe SSRI, citalopram, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, propranolol.
TramadolThe use of two serotonin modulators, such as citalopram and tramadol, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
TelithromycinTelithromycin may reduce clearance of Citalopram. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Citalopram if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
PhenelzinePossible severe adverse reaction with this combination
TriprolidineThe CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Citalopram, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
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