QuickView for dexamethasone (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 11014684

Name:	Dexamethasone
PubChem Compound ID:	11014684
Description:	An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
Molecular formula:	C₂₂H₂₉FO₅
Molecular weight:	392.461 g/mol

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Dexamethasone
Name (isomeric):	DB01234
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
Synonyms:	Dexamethasone Acetate; Desametasone [DCIT]; Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate; Dexamethasonum [INN-Latin]; Fluormethylprednisolone; Dexamethazone; Desamethasone; Desametasone; Dexametasona [INN-Spanish]
Brand:	Dexadeltone, Dezone, Dexair, Dexacidin, Pet Derm Iii, Aphtasolon, Gammacorten, Maxitrol, Dergramin, Dexa-Scheroson, Dexone 0.75, Policort, Calonat, Aeroseb-Dex, Dexaprol, Dexa Mamallet, Hexadecadrol, Dexa-Cortidelt, IontoDex, Auxiron, Hexadrol Tablets, Ocu-Trol, Hl-Dex, Dexa-Mamallet, Prednisolon F, Decaderm, Cortisumman, Dextelan, Decacort, Dexasone, Dexonium, Dinormon, Adexone, Lokalison F, Deronil, Dexone 1.5, Loverine, Prednisolone F, Turbinaire, Dex-Ide, Desameton, Decagel, Mymethasone, Dexafarma, Dexone 0.5, Superprednol, Anaflogistico, Dekacort, Bisu Ds, Posurdex, Dexamonozon, Maxidex, Mediamethasone, Decasone, Fortecortin, Decadron, Corson, Sunia Sol D, Pet-Derm Iii, Dexa-Sine, Millicorten, Oradexon, Decalix, Hexadrol, Aphthasolone, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dexa-Cortisyl, Fluorocort, Luxazone, Dexa, Dexone, Decaspray, Hexadrol Elixir, Dexacen-4, Deltafluorene, Azium, Decacortin, Dexinolon, Fluormone, Dexason, Aeroseb-D, Dexameth, Desadrene, Dexaltin, Dexacortin, Dexacort, Dexapolcort, Dexapos, Decadron Tablets, Elixir, Decadron-La, Dexinoral, Visumetazone, Deseronil, Mexidex, Dexone 4, Spoloven, Dexalona, Corsone, Sk-Dexamethasone, Isopto-Dex, Dexacortal, Dectancyl
Brand name mixture:	Endomethasone Ivory(Dexamethasone + Hydrocortisone Acetate + Paraformaldehyde + Thymol Iodide), Sofracort Sterile Ear/Eye Drops(Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate) + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin), Tresaderm Dermatologic Solution(Dexamethasone + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Thiabendazole), Dioptrol Ointment(Dexamethasone +... show more » Endomethasone Ivory(Dexamethasone + Hydrocortisone Acetate + Paraformaldehyde + Thymol Iodide), Sofracort Sterile Ear/Eye Drops(Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate) + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin), Tresaderm Dermatologic Solution(Dexamethasone + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Thiabendazole), Dioptrol Ointment(Dexamethasone + Neomycin Sulfate + Polymyxin B Sulfate), Naquasone Bolus(Dexamethasone + Trichlormethiazide), Sofracort Eye/Ear Drops(Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin), Neodecadron Eye Ear Soln 0.1%(Dexamethasone Phosphate (Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate) + Neomycin Sulfate), Sandoz Opticort(Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate) + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin), Maxitrol Ont(Dexamethasone + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Polymyxin B Sulfate), Cresophene Liq(Camphor + Chlorophenol + Dexamethasone + Thymol), Naquasone Inj(Dexamethasone + Trichlormethiazide), Sofracort Ear/Eye Ointment(Dexamethasone + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin), Maxitrol(Dexamethasone + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Polymyxin B Sulfate), Dioptrol Suspension(Dexamethasone + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Polymyxin B Sulfate), Tobradex Oph Sus(Dexamethasone + Tobramycin), Septomixine Forte(Dexamethasone + Halethazole Tartrate + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Polymyxin B Sulfate + Tyrothricin), Ciprodex(Ciprofloxacin (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) + Dexamethasone), Pendamine(Chlorpheniramine Maleate + Dexamethasone + Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate + Penicillin G Procaine), Ak Trol Suspension(Dexamethasone + Neomycin Sulfate + Polymyxin B Sulfate), Tobradex Oph Ointment(Dexamethasone + Tobramycin), Sofracort Sterile Ear/Eye Ointment(Dexamethasone + Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin) show less «
Category:	Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Adrenergic Agents, Antiemetics, Glucocorticoids, Anti-inflammatory Agents
CAS number:	50-02-2

Pharmacology

Indication:	<B>Injection:</B> for the treatment of endocrine disorders, rheumatic D=disorders, collagen diseases, dermatologic diseases, allergic statesc, ophthalmic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, hematologic disorders, neoplastic diseases, edematous states, cerebral edema. <br><B>Ophthalmic ointment and solution:</B> for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe. <br><B>Ophthalmic solution only:</B> for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus <br><B>Topic cream:</B> for relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses <br><B>Oral aerosol:</B> for the treatment of bronchial asthma and related corticosteroid responsive bronchospastic states intractable to adequate trial of conventional therapy <br><B>Intranasal aerosol:</B> for the treatment of allergic ot inflammatory nasal conditions, and nasal polyps
Pharmacology:	Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular co... show more » Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex binds to DNA elements (glucocorticoid response elements) which results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of ... show more » Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex binds to DNA elements (glucocorticoid response elements) which results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A₂ inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. show less «
Absorption:	80-90%
Protein binding:	70%
Biotransformation:	Hepatic.
Half Life:	36-54 hours
Toxicity:	Oral, rat LD₅₀: >3 gm/kg. Signs of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, aseptic bone necrosis, osteoporosis, myopathies, obesity, edemas, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetes, sleep disturbances, psychiatric syndromes, delayed wound healing, atrophy and fragility of the skin, ecchymosis, and pseudotumor cerebri.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid alcohol.

Take with food to reduce irritation.

Avoid taking with grapefruit juice.

Drug interaction:

Anisindione	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, alters the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Quinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Aprobarbital	The barbiturate, aprobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Ethotoin	The enzyme inducer, ethotoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Butalbital	The barbiturate, butalbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.

Anisindione	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, alters the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Quinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Aprobarbital	The barbiturate, aprobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Ethotoin	The enzyme inducer, ethotoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Butalbital	The barbiturate, butalbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Rifampin	The enzyme inducer, rifampin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Talbutal	The barbiturate, talbutal, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Pentobarbital	The barbiturate, pentobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Acetylsalicylic acid	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid.
Telithromycin	Co-administration may cause decreased Telithromycin and increased Dexamethasone plasma concentrations. Consider alternate therapy.
Phenytoin	The enzyme inducer, phenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Aprepitant	Aprepitant may increase the effect and toxicity of dexamethasone.
Butethal	The barbiturate, butethal, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Aminoglutethimide	Aminoglutethimide may decrease the effect of dexamethasone.
Mephenytoin	The enzyme inducer, mephenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Secobarbital	The barbiturate, secobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Phenobarbital	The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Warfarin	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, alters the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Trastuzumab	Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Thalidomide	Increased risk of dermatologic adverse effects and venous thromboembolic events (VTE). Consider VTE prophylaxis during concomitant therapy and monitor for adverse dematologic effects.
Butabarbital	The barbiturate, butabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Magnesium salicylate	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of magnesium salicylate.
Trazodone	The CYP3A4 inducer, Dexamethasone, may decrease Trazodone efficacy by increasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Dexamethasone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Sunitinib	Possible decrease in sunitinib levels
Amobarbital	The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Acenocoumarol	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, alters the anticoagulant effect, acenocoumarol.
Neostigmine	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, neostigmine.
Ambenonium	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, ambenonium.
Methohexital	The barbiturate, methohexital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Dicumarol	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, alters the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Pyridostigmine	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, pyridostigmine.
Heptabarbital	The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Fosphenytoin	The enzyme inducer, fosphenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Vecuronium	Vecuronium may increase the adverse neuromuscular effects of systemic corticosteroids, such as Dexamethasone. Monitor for increased muscle weakness and signs of polyneuropathies and myopathy.
Salsalate	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, salsalate.
Temsirolimus	Dexamethasone may increase the metabolism of Temsirolimus decreasing its efficacy. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Dabigatran etexilate	P-Glycoprotein inducers such as dexamethasone may decrease the serum concentration of dabigatran etexilate. This combination should be avoided.
Edrophonium	The corticosteroid, dexamethasone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, edrophonium.
Midodrine	Increased arterial pressure
Hexobarbital	The barbiturate, hexobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate	The barbiturate, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Tramadol	Dexamethasone may decrease the effect of Tramadol by increasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
Tacrine	Tacrine and Dexamethasone may independently exacerbate muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis patients. Monitor for additive muscle weakness effects.
Imatinib	Dexamethasone may decrease levels of imatinib.
Methylphenobarbital	The barbiturate, methylphenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Voriconazole	Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of dexamethasone by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of dexamethasone if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Primidone	The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.