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QuickView for Doxycycline (compound)


PubChem
Name: Doxycycline
PubChem Compound ID: 11954377
Description: A synthetic TETRACYCLINE derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM).
Molecular formula: C22H20Ca2N2O8
Molecular weight: 520.559 g/mol
Synonyms:
D03903; Doxycycline calcium; Doxycycline calcium (USP); 94088-85-4
DrugBank
Identification
Name: Doxycycline
Name (isomeric): DB00254
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: A synthetic TETRACYCLINE derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM).
Synonyms:
Doxytetracycline; Doxcycline anhydrous; Doxycycline Monohydrate; Doxycycline Hyclate
Brand: Vibramycin, Alti-Doxycycline, Doxytec, Doxylin, Supracyclin, Doryx, Monodox, Vibra-Tabs, Novo-Doxylin, Doxychel Hyclate, Periostat, Oracea, Doxy 100, Doxy-Lemmon, Jenacyclin, Nu-Doxycycline, Atridox, Apo-Doxy, Doxy-Caps, Doxycin, Doxychel
Category: Antimalarials, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Tetracyclines
CAS number: 564-25-0
Pharmacology
Indication: Doxycycline is indicated for use in respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella spp., or Klebsiella spp. It is also used for prophylaxis of malaria. Doxycycline is indicated for a variety of bacterial infections, from Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. marinum, to susceptible E. coli and Brucella spp. It can be used as an alternative to treating plague, tetanus, Campylobacter fetus
Pharmacology: Doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline derived from oxytetracycline, is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with COPD, and adult periodontitis.
Mechanism of Action:
Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Doxycycline prevents the normal function of the apicopl...
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Absorption: Completely absorbed following oral administration.
Protein binding: >90%
Biotransformation: Hepatic
Route of elimination: They are concentrated by the liver in the bile and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations in a biologically active form.
Half Life: 18-22 hours
Toxicity: Symptoms of overdose include anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, skin reactions such as maculopapular and erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis, anaphyl-actoid purpura, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, benign intracranial hypertension in adults disappearing on discontinuation of the medicine, haematologic abnormalities such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia. LD50=262 mg/kg (I.P. in rat).
Affected organisms: Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Interactions
Food interaction:
Avoid alcohol.
Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
Take with a full glass of water Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
Drug interaction:
TazobactamPossible antagonism of action
AprobarbitalThe anticonvulsant, aprobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
IsotretinoinIncreased risk of intracranial hypertension
TolterodineDoxycycline may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
RifampinThe rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
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