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QuickView for fosphenytoin (compound)
PubChem
| Name: | fosphenytoin |
|---|---|
| PubChem Compound ID: | 56338 |
| Molecular formula: | C16H13N2Na2O6P |
| Molecular weight: | 406.238 g/mol |
| Synonyms: |
2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl-3-((phosphonooxy)methyl)-, disodium salt; CI-982; D02096; LS-178162; Pro-Epanutin; ACC-9653; Fosphenytoin sodium; CI 982; Fosphenytoin sodium [USAN]; Phosphenytoin sodium.
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DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | fosphenytoin |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB01320 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Synonyms: |
Fosphenytoin sodium; Fosphenytoine [inn-french]; Fosfenitoina [inn-spanish]; (3-Phosphoryloxymethyl)phenytoin; Fosphenytoinum [inn-latin]
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| Brand: | Cerebyx, Prodilantin |
| Category: | Anticonvulsants |
| CAS number: | 93390-81-9 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | For the control of generalized convulsive status epilepticus and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery. It can also be substituted, short-term, for oral phenytoin. |
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| Pharmacology: |
Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. Following parenteral administration of fosphenytoin, fosphenytoin is converted to the anticonvulsant phenytoin by endogenous phosphatases. For every mmol of fosphenytoin administered, one mmol of phenytoin is produced. The pharmacologic...
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| Mechanism of Action: |
Fosphenytoin is a prodrug of phenytoin and accordingly, its anticonvulsant effects are attributable to phenytoin. Phenytoin acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. By promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyper...
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| Absorption: | Fosphenytoin is completely bioavailable following lM administration. |
| Protein binding: | Extensively bound (95% to 99%) to human plasma proteins, primarily albumin. |
| Biotransformation: | Hepatic. |
| Route of elimination: | Phenytoin derived from administration of Cerebyx is extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine primarily as 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin and its glucuronide; little unchanged phenytoin (1%–5% of the Cerebyx dose) is recovered in urine. |
| Half Life: | Fosphenytoin has a half-life of approximately 15 minutes. |
| Toxicity: | Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, tachycardia, bradycardia, asystole, cardiac arrest, hypotension, syncope, hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, and death have been reported in cases of overdosage with fosphenytoin. The median lethal dose of fosphenytoin given intravenously in mice and rats was 156 mg PE/kg and approximately 250 mg PE/kg, or about 0.6 and 2 times, respectively, the maximum human loading dose on a mg/m2 basis. Signs of acute toxicity in animals included ataxia, labored breathing, ptosis, and hypoactivity. |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Interactions
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